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Profit & Loss – Notes, Rules & Examples

CP and SP to mixtures — 14 concepts with rules, examples and common mistakes.

Quantitative Aptitude14 conceptsEnglish + हिंदी193 practice questions

Concept 1 · free preview

CP, SP, profit and loss

Understand

Cost price (CP) is what the seller pays for an item. Selling price (SP) is what he gets when he sells it. SP > CP means profit; SP < CP means loss.

Profit = SP − CP, Loss = CP − SP

Profit % = Profit ÷ CP × 100

Loss % = Loss ÷ CP × 100

Example

CP ₹800, SP ₹920 → profit ₹120 → profit % = 120 ÷ 800 × 100 = 15%.

Example

CP ₹500, SP ₹460 → loss ₹40 → loss % = 40 ÷ 500 × 100 = 8%.

Common mistake

Working out profit % on the SP. Unless the question says otherwise, profit and loss % are always on the CP.

Check yourself

An item bought for ₹250 is sold for ₹300. Profit %?

13 more concepts in this note

  1. Finding SP or CP from a percentage
  2. Comparing two selling prices
  3. Chain sales and ‘what if’ problems
  4. Marked price and discount
  5. Successive discounts
  6. Mark-up, discount and profit together
  7. ‘Buy x, get y free’ offers
  8. SP of n articles = CP of m articles
  9. Rates like ‘x for ₹y’
  10. False weights (dishonest dealer)
  11. Profit on SP
  12. Overall result of two deals
  13. Part sales and mixtures

Profit & Loss in your exam syllabus

These exams' official syllabus includes this chapter.

FAQs

What do the Profit & Loss notes cover?

14 concepts: CP, SP, profit and loss, Finding SP or CP from a percentage, Comparing two selling prices, Chain sales and ‘what if’ problems, Marked price and discount, Successive discounts and more. Each concept has an explanation, rules, solved examples and common mistakes.

Are these notes available in Hindi?

Yes. Every concept is available in English and हिंदी; switch the language at the top of the note.

Are the notes free?

The first concept is free to read here. The full notes, practice questions and mock tests are part of PYQsathi Pro (₹299 per year); when a launch offer is running, its coupon is shown above and applied after you sign in. Question paper downloads are always free.

PYQSathi is an independent platform, not a government website. Notes are written for exam practice; always confirm facts that change (rates, schemes, dates) in the latest official notice.